{"id":1011,"date":"2023-11-01T17:06:08","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T15:06:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/obstetrics-services\/"},"modified":"2023-12-22T15:35:11","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T13:35:11","slug":"obstetrics-services","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/en\/obstetrics-services\/","title":{"rendered":"Obstetrics services"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1011\" class=\"elementor elementor-1011 elementor-390\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-458de7f e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"458de7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-061efa8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"061efa8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f86aada elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f86aada\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 25-10-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Obstetrics services<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3425222 elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3425222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Specialized equipment &amp; modern methods, for every phase of pregnancy.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3b1adc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b3b1adc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b0d89c e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b0d89c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-393e378 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"393e378\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 25-10-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong><b>obstetrician-gynecologist Vythoulkas Konstantinos<\/b><\/strong>, in his clinic, in the center of <strong><b>Zakynthos<\/b><\/strong>, has excellent medical equipment and systems to provide quality <strong><b>obstetrics services<\/b><\/strong> to expectant mothers.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>The doctor has a license to perform gynecological ultrasound from KESY p.n. Y7\u03b1\/\u0393\u03a0.98801\/01.12.2003 <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7c2d9c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f7c2d9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-335bc3c e-con-full animated-slow e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"335bc3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1991086 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"1991086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 25-10-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs-wrapper{width:25%;flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active{border-right-style:none}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after,.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{height:999em;width:0;right:0;border-right-style:solid}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{top:0;transform:translateY(-100%)}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after{top:100%}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title{display:table-cell}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active{border-bottom-style:none}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after,.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{bottom:0;height:0;width:999em;border-bottom-style:solid}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{right:100%}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after{left:100%}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-content,.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-title,.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-title:after,.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-title:before,.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper{border:1px #d5d8dc}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tabs{text-align:left}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tabs-wrapper{overflow:hidden}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-title{cursor:pointer;outline:var(--focus-outline,none)}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title{position:relative;padding:20px 25px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;border:solid transparent}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active{border-color:#d5d8dc}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after,.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{display:block;content:\"\";position:absolute}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title:focus-visible{border:1px solid #000}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-mobile-title{padding:10px;cursor:pointer}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-content{padding:20px;display:none}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-content,.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-title{border-style:solid solid none}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-wrapper{display:none}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper{border-bottom-style:solid}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-content{padding:10px}}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs{display:flex}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs-wrapper{flex-direction:column}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper{flex-grow:1;border-style:solid solid solid none}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-content{border-style:none solid solid}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-center .elementor-tabs-wrapper,.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-end .elementor-tabs-wrapper,.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-stretch .elementor-tabs-wrapper{display:flex}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-center .elementor-tabs-wrapper{justify-content:center}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-end .elementor-tabs-wrapper{justify-content:flex-end}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-stretch.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-title{width:100%}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-stretch.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-title{height:100%}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-mobile-title{display:none}}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2681\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">1st trimester - nuchal translucency<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2682\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">2nd trimester-fetal ultrasound<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2683\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">3rd quarter-Doppler<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2684\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Non-invasive prenatal testing with free DNA (cfDNA)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2681\" aria-expanded=\"false\">1st trimester - nuchal translucency<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2681\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2681\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p><strong><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-810 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/NT1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/NT1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/NT1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/NT1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/NT1.jpg 1136w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Certified clinic for nuchal translucency<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><i>Konstantinos Vithoulkas FMF ID:15738<\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<p>The first of the basic ultrasound scans of pregnancy is the <strong><b>1st trimester ultrasound<\/b><\/strong> which can be distinguished into:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><u>Ultrasound of an incipient pregnancy<\/u>(up to 10 + 6 weeks), in which a check is made to determine the location of the pregnancy and the fact that the fetus has a heartbeat and is usually performed transvaginal.\n<p>At the same time, there is also a scheduling of the blood and urological tests that are to be carried out.<\/p>\n<p>Also, if the screening has been done more than one year, it is recommended to be done and includes a Pap test, a microbial check of the vagina and endocervical, transvaginal ovarian check (exept the womb that will be done anyway) as well as breast examination and, if possible, ultrasound of the breasts.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><u>Ultrasound or measurement of nuchal translucency<\/u> (at 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks), or 1st trimester screening as it is internationally called, is performed according to the instructions described below. If software is used with the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF, London, UK) program to calculate the risks of trisomies, the examination should be performed by FMF-certified doctors at least to measure nuchal translucency and, as desired, to assess the remaining secondary markers (nasal bone, venous duct, tricuspid valve). This certification is renewed annually and the name of the doctor is posted on the respective <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fetalmedicine.org\/lists\/map\/attendants\/1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>FMF<\/u> <u>website<\/u><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"> per country. The relevant license is granted by the FMF after examinations and is strictly personal. In any case, the doctor&#8217;s name (and in case of use of FMF software and the corresponding license number) must be visible in the 1st trimester audit report. <\/span>\n<p>Please see more on the corresponding page with the guidelines of the Hellenic Obstetrics and Gynecology Society (Guideline No 28, April 2020 and <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/hsog.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/EMGE-No-28-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/hsog.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/EMGE-No-28-1.pdf<\/u><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">). <\/span> <\/p>\n<p>It is also useful to perform transvaginal ultrasound to estimate the length of the cervix.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2682\" aria-expanded=\"false\">2nd trimester-fetal ultrasound<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2682\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2682\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-394 size-full alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4368358369.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4368358369.jpg 350w, https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/4368358369-252x300.jpg 252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><strong><b>Blood pressure<\/b><\/strong>, <strong><b>body weight<\/b><\/strong> and <strong><b>proteinuria<\/b><\/strong> should be measured at this gestational age.<\/p>\n<p>A key role during this period of pregnancy is the anatomical ultrasound of the fetus (B level) that is recommended to be performed between 20-23+6 weeks of pregnancy and to which all pregnant women must undergo a specialized in Embryometrial Medicine obstetrician &#8211; gynecologist.<\/p>\n<p>The purpose of this population control is <strong><b>the possible identification of existing anatomical abnormalities of the fetus,<\/b><\/strong>in order to give parents the opportunity of appropriate counseling in order to make timely decisions (intrauterine fetal treatment, termination of pregnancy depending on the severity of the abnormality, supportive treatment, childbirth in a specialized for the subsequent treatment of the Newborn Center).<\/p>\n<p>During ultrasound screening, it is also recommended to have an ultrasound assessment of the length of the cervix as a population screening for preterm birth. Also, it is proposed to measure the resistance of blood flow in the uterine arteries using Doppler as a population screening for preeclampsia and recessive fetal growth. If pregnant women are found to be at increased risk for these complications (cervical length&lt;&lt;25mm and mean Pi uterine, suggested screening between 20+0 &#8211; 23+6 weeks of pregnancy of arteries &gt;&gt;95th EC position, respectively) the pregnancy management is modified accordingly.<\/p>\n<p>Source: Hellenic Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology<\/p>\n<p><em><i>More information:<\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hsog.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/60-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><u><i>https:\/\/hsog.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/60-1.pdf<\/i><\/u><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2683\" aria-expanded=\"false\">3rd quarter-Doppler<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2683\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2683\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><strong><b>Recommended 3rd quarter audit-Doppler<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Blood pressure, body weight and test for proteinuria should be measured. A general blood test is also recommended. Rhesus negative pregnant women are given hyper-immune anti-D gamma globulin.<\/p>\n<p>All pregnant women who do not have pre-existing diabetes mellitus or previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus should undergo a glucose tolerance curve between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy (EMGE, instructions No 35 &amp; 36: <a href=\"https:\/\/hsog.gr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/hsog.gr)<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If the pregnant woman arrives after 28 + 0 weeks, she will be advised to undergo the tolerance curve as soon as possible. Recommended screening at 32 weeks is to assess the development of the fetus in conjunction with a detailed examination, since some problems occur in the 3rd trimester. Doppler is also done, that is, checking some vessels.<\/p>\n<p>More frequent monitoring and systematic measurement of body weight, blood pressure and testing for proteinuria (with urine test strip &#8211; urine dipstick) should be performed from 34 weeks. Prenatal detection of fetal growth Restriction (FGR) provides the benefit of interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.<\/p>\n<p>FGR-related poor outcome includes preterm, perinatal suffocation, endometrial and neonatal death, immediate complications such as poor thermoregulation, hypoglycemia, polycythemia, impaired immune function, and ulterior, such as neurodevelopmental delay<\/p>\n<p>Systematic, universal ultrasound screening of pregnancies in the third trimester is a method of controlling the condition of the fetus. Internationally, there is no consensus on the timing or number of ultrasound tests.<\/p>\n<p><em><i>HSUOG: <\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hellenicultrasound.gr\/images\/hellenicultrasound\/3st_trimester\/3RD_TRIMESTER_HSUOG.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><u><i>https:\/\/hellenicultrasound.gr\/images\/hellenicultrasound\/3st_trimester\/3RD_TRIMESTER_HSUOG.pdf<\/i><\/u><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2684\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Non-invasive prenatal testing with free DNA (cfDNA)<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2684\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2684\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><strong><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-395 size-full alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/34538383865.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/34538383865.jpg 350w, https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/34538383865-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/34538383865-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/>Guidelines<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The probability of chromosomal abnormalities in pregnancy is approximately 1.5%. Of these, about 0.5% are numerical (e.g. trisomies 21, 18, 13) or microscopic structural, the remaining approximately 1% being submicroscopic (microellipses and duplications) 1,2.<\/p>\n<p>Free DNA testing (cfDNA) is currently the <strong><b>best screening method for trisomies<\/b><\/strong> 21, 18 and 133. The most common method to date for estimating the probability of trisomies is the ultrasound of cervical transparency at 11-13 weeks of gestation in combination with the control of biochemical markers (free \u03b2-hCG, PAPP-\u0391 and PlGF).<\/p>\n<p>Nuchal translucency and biochemical markers benefit cfDNA in that it provides the possibility of controlling fetal anatomy as well as the possibility of other congenital lesions. The diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities (numeric and submicroscopic) is made only by invasive methods (amniocentesis and trophoblast biopsy).<\/p>\n<p>Hence:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is recommended to perform the 11-13 week ultrasound in all pregnant women, regardless of their intention to undergo cfDNA screening or not.<\/li>\n<li>Ultrasound of 11-13 weeks is performed based on the current guidelines and technical specifications. The risk for trisomies 21,18,13 is calculated and the following possibilities are discussed individually:\n<ul>\n<li>No further control.<\/li>\n<li>Non invasive prenatal screening with cfDNA.<\/li>\n<li>Interventional control (amniocentesis or trophoblast biopsy).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>It is recommended that cfDNA examination be performed after 11-13 weeks of ultrasound, and after consultation on the possibilities and limitations of prenatal screening.<\/li>\n<li>It is clear that the cfDNA test is a detection and not a diagnostic test and therefore in the event of a high-risk result confirmation by an invasive method is required.<\/li>\n<li>In the case of finding markers of chromosomal abnormalities in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, if there has been no prior invasive screening or cfDNA examination, the risk of the most common chromosomal abnormalities (trisomies 21,18,13) is recalculated and the following possibilities are discussed individually:\n<ul>\n<li>Interventional control (amniocentesis).<\/li>\n<li>Noninvasive prenatal testing cfDNA.<\/li>\n<li>No further control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>If a low-risk cfDNA test exists and then ultrasound markers of chromosomal abnormalities are found, it is recommended to perform an invasive test (taking a trophoblast or amniocentesis) with molecular karyotype in the following cases:\n<ul>\n<li>Increased nuchal translucency.<\/li>\n<li>Fetal abnormalities.<\/li>\n<li>The presence of multiple indicators.<\/li>\n<li>The presence of markers associated with a pathological clinical entity in addition to trisomy 21.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>All pregnancies should be consulted on the current possibilities of prenatal testing with molecular karyotype and the very low risk of miscarriage after the invasive methods.<\/li>\n<li>There is limited data on the accuracy of cfDNA in twin pregnancies. Therefore, the use of cfDNA in twin pregnancies should be reserved and informed.<\/li>\n<li>Existing data do not support the use of cfDNA for submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities (microellipses and duplications).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><i>From the official page of the Hellenic Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology:<\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hellenicultrasound.gr\/index.php\/protocols\/dna-cfdna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em><u><i>https:\/\/www.hellenicultrasound.gr\/index.php\/protocols\/dna-cfdna<\/i><\/u><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7451812 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-raven-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"7451812\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;collapsible&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" 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\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. <br \/><br \/>\u03a3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd.<br \/><br \/>\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd (\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<br \/><br \/><\/li><li><u>\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/u>(\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 11 + 0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 13 + 6 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2), \u03ae 1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 screening \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.\u00a0 \u0395\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc (software) \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF, London, UK) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf FMF 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style=\"font-size: 1rem\" href=\"https:\/\/hsog.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/EMGE-No-28-1.pdf\"><u>https:\/\/hsog.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/EMGE-No-28-1.pdf<\/u><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem\">). <\/span><br \/><br \/>\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jupiterx-single-advanced-accordion-wrapper  jx-ac-inactive\" id=\"\" >\n\t\t\t\t<div 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\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae, \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf).<\/p><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 (screening) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 Doppler \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 (screening) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5&lt;25mm \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 mean PI \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd 20+0 - 23+6 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd &gt;95\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1) \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p><p>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/p><p><em><i>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2:<\/i><\/em><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/hsog.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/60-1.pdf\"><em><u><i>https:\/\/hsog.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/60-1.pdf<\/i><\/u><\/em><\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jupiterx-single-advanced-accordion-wrapper  jx-ac-inactive\" id=\"\" >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-single-accordion-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-single-accordion-header-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-single-accordion-header-icon-toggle-wrapper jx-single-accordion-header-icon-toggle-wrapper-hide\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"jx-ac-title\"> 3\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf - Doppler<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-single-accordion-header-right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"jx-ac-icon-body-closed jx-ac-toggle-icon fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"jx-ac-icon-body-opened jx-ac-toggle-icon fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-single-accordion-body  jx-ac-body-none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-ac-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-ac-content-inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jupiterx-ac-content-is-editor\"><p><strong><b>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 - Doppler<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 Rhesus \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9-D \u03b3-\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p><p>\u038c\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd 24\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 28\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u0395\u039c\u0393\u0395, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 No\u00a035 &amp; 36: <a href=\"https:\/\/hsog.gr\"><u>https:\/\/hsog.gr<\/u><\/a>).<\/p><p>\u0395\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ad\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 28+0 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 32 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 3\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 Doppler, \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p><p>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 34 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 (\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd - dipstick \u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd). H \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (Fetal Growth Restriction - FGR) \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p><p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd FGR \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03c5\u03be\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf, \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p><p>\u039f \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5. \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p><p><em><i>\u0395\u0395\u03a5\u039c\u0393: <\/i><\/em><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/hellenicultrasound.gr\/images\/hellenicultrasound\/3st_trimester\/3RD_TRIMESTER_HSUOG.pdf\"><em><u><i>https:\/\/hellenicultrasound.gr\/images\/hellenicultrasound\/3st_trimester\/3RD_TRIMESTER_HSUOG.pdf<\/i><\/u><\/em><\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jupiterx-single-advanced-accordion-wrapper  jx-ac-last  jx-ac-inactive\" id=\"\" >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-single-accordion-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-single-accordion-header-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-single-accordion-header-icon-toggle-wrapper jx-single-accordion-header-icon-toggle-wrapper-hide\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"jx-ac-title\">\u039c\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf DNA (cfDNA)<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-single-accordion-header-right\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"jx-ac-icon-body-closed jx-ac-toggle-icon fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"jx-ac-icon-body-opened jx-ac-toggle-icon fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-single-accordion-body  jx-ac-body-none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-ac-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jx-ac-content-inner-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"jupiterx-ac-content-is-editor\"><p><strong><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-395 size-full alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/34538383865.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/34538383865.jpg 350w, https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/34538383865-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/34538383865-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1,5%. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf 0,5% \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 21, 18, 13) \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 1% \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af) 1,2.<\/p><p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 DNA (cfDNA) \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong><b>\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (screening)<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 21, 18 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 133. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 11\u201313 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2-hCG \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a1\u0391\u03a1\u03a1-\u0391).<\/p><p>\u039f \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 cfDNA \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ce\u03bd. H \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd) \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (\u03b1\u03bc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2).<\/p><p>\u03a9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5:<\/p><ul><li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 11\u201313 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ae \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 cfDNA.<\/li><li>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 11\u201313 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 21,18,13 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2:<ul><li>\u039c\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li><li>\u039c\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 cfDNA.<\/li><li>\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b1\u03bc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 cfDNA \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 11\u201313 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li><li>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 cfDNA \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf.<\/li><li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 2\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 cfDNA, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd (\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 21,18,13) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2:<ul><li>\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b1\u03bc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7).<\/li><li>\u039c\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 cfDNA.<\/li><li>\u039c\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 cfDNA \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7) \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<ul><li>\u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2.<\/li><li>\u0395\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03c5\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/li><li>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/li><li>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 21.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/li><li>\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 cfDNA \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 cfDNA \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li><li>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 cfDNA \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2).<\/li><\/ul><p><em><i>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae &amp; \u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1:<\/i><\/em><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hellenicultrasound.gr\/index.php\/protocols\/dna-cfdna\"><em><u><i>https:\/\/www.hellenicultrasound.gr\/index.php\/protocols\/dna-cfdna<\/i><\/u><\/em><\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9f9f8e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d9f9f8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\" data-core-v316-plus=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdf8015 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bdf8015\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;full&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f9d703 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f9d703\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><b>Clinic Vythoulka-Liveri<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u039f <strong><b>\u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u0392\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/b><\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2019 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03ae \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong><b>\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 <\/b><\/strong>\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 <strong><b>\u0396\u03ac\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf<\/b><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6738174 elementor-align-center animated-slow elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6738174\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg\" href=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/en\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obstetrics services Specialized equipment &amp; modern methods, for every phase of pregnancy. The obstetrician-gynecologist Vythoulkas Konstantinos, in his clinic, in the center of Zakynthos, has excellent medical equipment and systems to provide quality obstetrics services to expectant mothers. The doctor has a license to perform gynecological ultrasound from KESY p.n. Y7\u03b1\/\u0393\u03a0.98801\/01.12.2003 1st trimester &#8211; nuchal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Obstetrics Services | Vythoulka \u2013 Liveri Clinic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"At Vythoulka-Liveri Clinic, in Zakynthos, you will find modern equipment and methods that serve all the services of obstetrics.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gynaikologos-zakynthos.gr\/en\/obstetrics-services\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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